表示动作和动态的词句。比如,以上升的斜线代表"发展","增加","进步","进一步";以下降的斜线代表"减少","下降","恶化"等等。
表示因果或前后关系的词句。比如,用一条线代表"因为/所以","…之后","在…之前",以体现出上下前后之间的关联关系。
2. 少字多意。养成一个词的笔记不超过一个字的习惯。中文里有大量的词汇是由两个,或两个以上的字组成。只要看到其中一个,你的短期记忆就应该能够补齐其余的字。不必多写。比如,"中国"最多写个"中"。"北京"最多写个"北"。英文词也同理处理。"politics" 最多写"poli","government"最多写"gov",等等。另外,需要培养以笔记与记忆互动;看到一个字能说出几个字,甚至一串词的能力。在有上下文的情况下,这不难。比如,谈中国的近况,听到"改革,开放"记一个"改"字,不难从短期记忆中说出原文。听到"British Prime Minister Tony Blair",记"PM",也同样能说出原文。
1.Note-taking outweighs short-term memory in gap-filling
我们都知道在高级口译的sentence translation中不少学生可以不记笔记而完全依靠短期记忆将整句译文写出来,而且效果不错,姑且抛开sentence translation不论,在gap-filling中,这样的方式大概要吃大亏。首先,光凭短期记忆很难记住那么多的细节,例如并列的名词与形容词,类似 together with computer, rock music, polio vaccine, hydrogen bomb, jeans…这样的句子中,四到五个名词都有在gap-filling考题中出现的可能。一味依靠记忆力会出现前后干扰,无法准确记录。其次,即使你可以靠记忆力记下那么多细节,why bother? 别人轻松写下只言片语也能做对题目,更何况gap-filling只是整个考试的一小部分,还要有足够的精力应付后面的考试。
2.Listening Comprehension goes along with note-taking
边听,边记。说来容易,很多学生往往是一听就忘了记,一记就听不懂。其实这是个根本问题,是一个英语听众与口译的本质区别。平时我们所说的英语听力只需要你自己听懂理解就够了,而这里你的角色是口译,信息要真实完整地再现出来,而不是光在你自己头脑中有所印象。这里给大家的建议是以后自己做听力练习,特别是精听练习的时候,不能太舒服,要给自己压力,逼着自己听的时候要记而且听完后要复述。在时间上要坚持每次连续记笔记5分钟以上,否则在考试中会出现听着听着力不从心的情况。
3.Listening Comprehension goes before note-taking
这里的听力理解实际是一种预测,是你在上文的基础上作出的判断,也是听力练习中比较难达到的境界。举例来说,你听到 While there have been many talks about the modernizing and high-tech of the Mexican economy, …你大概就会有这样的预判 the not-that-modern or traditional side of Mexican economy will be discussed. 能做一个active listener在听力考试中将立于不败之地。
词汇是基础,没有扎实的词汇基本功是谈不上口译的。而且单纯地背单词大概效率也不会高。gap-filling做高分的关键在于寻求最大限度地记下关键词,而要培养边听边记的能力或者说习惯并非想象中那么容易。可以这么说,gap-filling每次都能做到13或14个的同学过第一阶段的听力考试不会有太大问题。平均分没了解过,不过要是在听力上吃亏,估计问题大多是在section B上作者: hmjg 时间: 2009-8-30 18:07
闪电般提高英语写作应试得分能力(模式篇三)
类型六:说明事物A的重要性
Importance of A
第一段(Importance of A)(首句说明A的重要性)Whatever ones does, one should do it with A.(扩展句1反证法)If one has no A, there is little possibility that one can achieve anything when faced with...。 This truth seems to be self-evident.(扩展句2例证法)In reality, however, we do see a lot of people who always complain that they lack the... to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome. For some, this might be true. But for many others, this only shows that they...
第二段(Reasons for lack of A)(首句提出疑问)Why do some people often feel frustrated even though they are capable of doing something? I think there are two main reasons.(扩展句1原因1)In the first place, these people don`t have a correct estimate of themselves. For example...(扩展句2原因2)Secondly, there is another possibility that they exaggerate the difficulties. They can`t see...。They tend to...
第三段(Necessity to... A)(我的观点)In my opinion, one should... as long as he has a right attitude towards...。 We should neither underestimate nor overestimate our... As a proverb says" Where there is a will, there is a way." With... we can certainly cope with any task we are faced with.
笔者注:(1)此模式与类型四有相似之处,而模式在实际运用中可以交叉使用。所以细化模式将有助于考试中的合理套用。
(2)对于模式个人以为不用“倒背如流”,只要平时多看看--最好这20来个模式每天看2个熟悉就可。因为模式的概括性,交叉性,我们对于一个模式的某个句子记不清了,完全可以用其它模式中的相近句型替代。避免了全文背颂范围的局限性和死板性,以免考试时因某个句子的断层而使下文很难展开。(附注:这也就是我提到的狂背n篇具体范文的死板性。另考研作文基本回避热点话题,因此狂背范文的命中率极小。最后,范文的写作风格各异,背记太多范文也很难行成适用考试作文高分格式的个人风格。)
(3) As a proverb says" Where there is a will, there is a way." 等句未谚语句型的使用,也常成为阅卷老师眼中的亮点。平时注意此类句型对模式的充实。
附常用议论文模式:
As is known to all, it is important to be/do...。I think there are at least two reasons for...。For one thing... For another...。Let`s take... for example...。From what I have mentioned above we can see that without...we cannot...。It is clear that... plays an important part in...。
Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter. Some people think that...。According to them,all of us should...。Others argue that...。In their opinion, nobody can... without...。Compared with..., ... has a lot of advantages over...。There is no doubt that...。As a consequence,...
In short, I firmly support the view that...。 It is because...。So my conclusion is that...。 I am sure that
my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
笔者注:模式最后一句可通用于文章末段表明自己观点的结束语句,是一句比较有用的“废话”。这类句子对于出现字数不足的情况时很有用处,在后面的模式中还有涉及
+ 还有,和,此外,而且,以及
- 减少, 不会,没有
= 等于, 相当于
> 大过,超过,优越于
< 少于,小于,比不上
↓ 减少,下降
↑ 增加,上升,上报
↗ 逐步增加
↘ 逐步下降,减少
→ 向前发展
∴ 所以, 于是
∵ 因为,由于
√ 正确, 同意,好
∽ 调换,对调,交流
ⅹ 错误,不行,没有
‖ 停止,停泻
□ 国家
⊙ 国内
□#8226; 国外
w world
! 注意,警惕
? 疑问,问题,试验性
--- 下划线表示强调。
gv 政府