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发表于 2009-11-23 12:58:33
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英译汉时,一些形容词可译为副词。
The delegation was given a warm welcome by the students. (warm译为副词)
译文:这个代`表团受到了学生热烈的欢迎。(二)词义的引申
在英译汉时,我们会遇到一些词,如果用它们的本意不能准确自然地表达原意,这时需要根据上下文对其意思进行引申,找出恰当的词语来表达。
We should give tit of tat to them.
译文:我们应当与他们针锋相对。
(三)增译法
为了使翻译的内容更忠实通顺地表达原文意思,有必要增加一些原文中有其意无其字的词。根据修辞或意义上的需要可增加名词、动词、形容词、副词、量词、语气助词、表达时态的词等等。注意只增词不增意。
We are concerned about developing the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability.
译文:我们关心的是全面发展学生的各种能力,而不仅仅是发展智力。
(四)重复法
为了使译文更加准确生动或为了强调,往往重复原文中上下文才出现过的名词、动词、代词等。
With his tardiness, carelessness and appalling good humor, we were sorely perplexed.
译文:他老是磨磨蹭蹭,马马虎虎,脾气有好得惊人,我们都对他毫无办法。
(五)省略法
由于英汉两种语言的差异,翻译时可省略一些不必要的冠词、代词、连词、介词、动词。
Man must learn to walk before he can run.
译文:人在跑之前,必须先会走。
Winter vacation is the time when I am least busy.
译文:寒假我不忙。
(六)正反换译法
在表达一种观点或描述一种事物时,英汉两种语言都可以正说或反说。
1.正说反译法:英语从正面表达,汉语从反面表述。
I prefer cooking at home instead of eating at a restaurant.
译文:我更喜欢在家做饭,而不是去餐馆吃。
2.The criminal was proved guilty beyond doubt.
译文:罪犯证明确实有罪。
(七)分译法
把原文中的词、短语译成一个句子或把一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子称分译法。
Heat is required to change ice to water.
译文:达到一定热量,冰就变成水。
(八)合译法
把两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句。
The moon had been up for a long time but he slept on.
译文:月亮上来很久,他还是睡不着。
(九)被动语态的翻译
1.依然译成被动句
Competition in business is regarded to be a means to earn money.
译文:商业竞争被认为是一种挣钱手段。
2.转译成主动句
A contingency plan was hastily drawn up.
译文:应急计划很快定出。
(十)从句的译法
1.主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句在翻译时可按英文的语序译成相对应的汉语。
What has happened is no surprise to us.
译文:发生的事对我们不奇怪。
2.定语从句的译法
定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。因此,定语从句的翻译有三种方法:前置法、译成独立句及译成状语从句。限制性定语从句适用于前两种,非限制性定语从句常译成状语从句。
Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot do everything instead of man.
译文:电子计算机有很多优点,但不能替代人们做一切事情。
3.状语从句的翻译
状语从句在汉语中一般放在主句前面,而在英语中则比较灵活,翻译时应注意调整顺序。
No matter what happens, she never gives up.
译文:不论发生什么事,她决不放弃。
(十一)长句的翻译
应注意切分,可采用顺序法,变序法和分译法处理。
1.顺序法
You very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up and to assure them that you mean to threat.
译文:你很可能迅速地瞥一眼其他乘客,以此来打量他们,并让他们确信你对他们没有威胁。
2.变序法
We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.
译文:我们对这种事实留下了极深的印象:即使是那些没有被告知病重的病人都很清楚其病情的可能结果。
3.分译法
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the perFORMance of some top referees.
译文:在98年世界杯得主产生很久以后,失望的球迷们仍在咒骂那些有争议的裁判裁决,这些裁决使他们的球队与胜利无缘。一位研究人员被任命去研究那些定尖级裁判的行为。 |
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